The Wiener Holocaust Library, the Institute for the History of the German Jews in Hamburg, and the Stanley Burton Centre for Holocaust and Genocide Studies at the University of Leicester are pleased to co-host a virtual panel discussion for Holocaust Memorial Day 2023. The event is organised in response to the 2023 HMD theme of ‘ordinary people’, which acknowledges that genocide is both facilitated and experienced by ordinary people. This panel of speakers highlights new thinking and research about this theme, considering how Jewish persecutees responded to the Nazi onslaught in the Warsaw ghetto.